Mar 26, 2011

Wanita Musafir Kerana Tugas

Postby ibnuwan »

merujuk thread soal-jawab di bawah :


Hukum Melancong Tanpa Mahram

Postby mercury » Nov 30th, '09, 15:52
assalamu 'alaykum.

1. seorang wanita belajar di luar negara tanpa mahram. apa hukum dia melancong ke negara2 lain sepanjang musim cuti tanpa mahramnya, tetapi bersama sekumpulan wanita muslimah lain?

2. adakah sama hukum melancong ke negara2 islam dan negara2 kuffar?

jazamukumullahu khair.


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Postby Abu_Umair »
بسم الله
والحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله وعلى آله وصحبه ومن والاه

1. Wanita dilarang bermusafir kecuali bersama-sama dengan suami atau mahram. Kerana dalam hadis yang disepakati kesahihannya menyebut:

لا تسافر المرأة ثلاثة أيام إلا مع ذي محرم
"Janganlah seorang wanita bermusafir perjalanan tiga hari kecuali kecuali bersama mahram". Direkod dalam Sahih Bukhari (no: 1036) dan Muslim (no: 1338).

Larangan ini adalah meliputi semua bentuk perjalanan yang dinamakan musafir. (Syarah Sahih Muslim oleh Nawawi 9/103).

Berdasarkan hadis ini, haram seseorang wanita keluar musafir tanpa ditemani suami atau mahram, walaupun dia keluar bersama dengan wanita-wanita muslimah lain.

Kata Imam Nawawi tentang hukum wanita bermusafir untuk selain haji wajib, seperti haji sunat, urusan perniagaan, lawatan dan lain-lain. Katanya: "Setengah ulama mengatakan harus dengan ditemani wanita-wanita yang dipercayai, seperti masalah haji Islam. Dan Jumhur mengatakan hukumnya adalah HARAM kecuali ditemani suami atau mahram. Inilah pendapat yang sahih berdasarkan hadis-hadis yang sahih". (Syarah Muslim 9/104).

2. Samada musafir tersebut ke negara Islam atau bukan, hukumnya adalah sama iaitu mesti ditemani dengan suami atau mahram. Malah, hukumnya lebih berat jika ke negara bukan Islam, kerana ancaman terhadap muslimah di sana lebih kuat dan fitnah lebih besar.

Para ulama tidak mengesyorkan orang Islam melancong ke negara kufur kecuali atas alasan keperluan mendesak. Ia bagi mengelakkan ancaman terhadap akidah, agama, dan akhlak.

Wallahu A'lam.

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Postby al-baihaqi »
salam,

dlm persoalan ini, pernah sy terdgr yg pengharaman ini dibuat kerana keadaan ketika itu yg mengancam umat Islam.dan selepas kewafatan Rasul SAW, Aisyah ra sendiri pernah menunaikan haji sendirian(tidak pasti kesahihan sumber).
adakah kekeliruan ini benar atau sebaliknya?
mohon pencerahan.

wassalam.

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Postby Abu_Umair » Jan 15th, '10, 14:00
Waalaikumussalam

Dalam masalah wanita bermusafir untuk mengerjakan haji, tetapi tidak ada mahram, ada pendapat yang mengharuskan jika dia bersama wanita lain yang dipercayai, dan perjalanannya dijamin selamat.

Pendapat ini dipilih dalam mazhab Syafie dan beliau menukilkan pendapat ini daripada Aisyah, Ibn Umar dan Ibn Zubair r.a. (rujuk Al-Umm 2/127)

Diriwayatkan juga Aisyah r.a. berkata, "Bukan semua wanita ada mahram". (Musannaf Ibn Abi Syaibah no: 15176).

Wallahu A'lam.

hakikat wanita berkerjaya masa kini memang rata2nya banyak yang akan bermusafir kerana atas kehendak tugas2 mereka. walaupun pekerjaan guru sekalipun seorang wanita tetap dalam tempoh bekerja mereka akan memerlukan diri mereka bermusafir seperti bekursus, jungle trekking, perkhemahan, etc.

tiada kelonggaran kah untuk wanita2 yang bekerjaya ini melakukan musafir tanpa suami atau mahram? contoh seorang wanita terpaksa ke UK untuk bentangkan kertas kerja, suami atau mahram tak ikut sekali tapi ada wanita lain yang bersama2 bermusafir ke sana, bolehkah diberi kelonggaran untuk permasalahan seperti ini?

sekian, tq.
Allah Yang Menguatkan Yang Haq Dan Dialah Penunjuk Jalan Yang Benar!



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Postby kamin »
wa’alaikumussalam

Alhamdulillah. Kami akan cuba menjawab soalan ini dengan kadar kemampuan yang ada, InSyaAllah.

Jawapan berikut adalah ringkasan kepada fatwa / artikel yang diambil dari Laman UZAR, yang mewakili pandangan ulama’ yang membenarkan wanita bermusafir tanpa ditemani Mahram.

Kesimpulan fatwa Syiekh Saami al-Majid : Terdapat ramai ulama’ yang melarang wanita bermusafir tanpa ditemani Mahram. Bagi mereka, walaupun keadaan sekarang sudah berubah, aman didalam perjalanan, larang tersebut tidak diangkat. Ada yang menyamakan ruhsah (keringanan) solat Qasar kepada orang yang sedang bermusafir, dimana keringanan ini tidak pun dilupuskan walaupun keadaan musafir sekarang tidak seteruk dahulu (zaman bermusafir menggunakan unta dan berjalan kaki).

Namun demikian, ada dikalangan ulama’ yang membenarkannya. Ulama Malik, al-Auza’ie, dan beberapa orang dikalangan ulama’ Syafie mengatakan bahawa perlunya Mahram menemani wanita tersebut bukanlah menjadi syarat wajibnya Haji (wanita bermusafir menunaikan Haji tanpa Mahram). Hanya menjadi syarat adalah selamat didalam perjalanan. Selamat perjalanan boleh dicapai dengan ditemani Mahram, atau kumpulan Wanita yang dipercayai. Ada dikalangan ulama’ menyebut, jika wujudnya faktor “selamat didalam perjalanan”, maka tidak perlu lagi orang menemaninya.

Dibolehkan lagi terutamanya apabila Wanita tersebut sukar mendapatkan Mahram dan beliau selamat didalam perjalanan. WA.

Berikut adalah fatwa penuhnya :

A Woman Traveling Without a Mahram

By : Shaikh Sâmî al-Mâjid

The Islamic legal rulings that pertain to the daily affairs of life are always connected to the welfare of the people in their individual lives and in their relationships with each other. Such rulings, therefore, have causes that can be grasped by reason and understood in a clear and precise manner.

These rulings differ from those that pertain to acts of worship, since acts of worship are connected to the benefits of the Hereafter and our direct relationship with Allah. Such matters are generally not discernable to the human intellect. Many great scholars have tried to determine the wisdom behind why we do certain things in prayer and in pilgrimage - and quite often they have failed and said: "This is purely a matter that we must accept on faith. Allah knows best about it."

The ruling that a woman may not travel without her husband or a male escort from her immediate family (a mahram) falls under the first category of rulings. We can appreciate the reason for the prohibition. When we understand that the reason for this prohibition is the fear for her sanctity and honor and the fear that she might be taken advantage of or raped, then we know that the issue is one that needs to be weighed in light of the benefits and harm present in a given situation.

Therefore, we have the opinion in Islamic Law that it is permissible for a woman to travel without a mahram when she is reasonably assured of her safety or when traveling poses no more danger for her than staying at home. The latter situation is often the case in non-Muslim countries where walking down her own street can be more dangerous for her and full of temptation that sitting on board an airplane. The environment of an airplane is quite often safer and more wholesome than that of the neighborhood in which she lives.

From this point of departure, we shall present the evidence and juristic reasoning of the people of knowledge:

`Adî b. Hâtim relates that Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) said to him: "O `Adî, have you seen al-Hîrah (a region in Iraq)."

`Adî replied: "I have not seen it, but I have heard of it."

Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) said: "If you live long enough, you will see a woman departing by camel in a litter and traveling until she reaches the Ka`bah without fearing anyone but Allah."

`Adî informs us that he thought to himself: "Where are the robbers and bandits who run rampant through the land?" Then `Adî says: "I have seen a woman travel by camel litter from al-Hirâh to the Ka`bah fearing no one but Allah." [Sahîh al-Bukhârî]

This hadîth shows us that it is permissible for a woman to travel unescorted if the road is safe. Someone might argue that the statement of the Prophet (peace be upon him) is merely reporting that such a thing would one day take place, not that it is permissible. However, this argument is weak. This statement is made in a context of praising Islam and showing its future ascendancy. Therefore, it must be assumed that what is being used to indicate such praise is permissible in and of itself. Moreover, `Adî b. Hâtim saw this woman and did not condemn her action, nor did anyone else.

Al-Bâjî, in al-Muntaqâ, writes: "Perhaps what some of our scholars have said (regarding prohibition) refers only to cases where the woman is alone or with a small group. As for the great caravans and the secure major thoroughfares, they are to me no different than the places of residence that are filled with markets and merchants. In such cases, her safety is secured without the presence of a mahram or female companions. This opinion has been related to us from al-Awzâ`î."

Qâdî `Iyâd, when discussing the prohibition of a woman traveling without a mahram to escort her, says: "This refers only for a young woman. As for an older woman who is less enticing, she can travel anywhere she wants without her husband or a mahram. Ibn Daqîq al-`Id: considers this a specification of a general ruling in consideration of the meaning behind it."

The great jurists Mâlik and al`Awzâ'î - and also al-Shâfi`î in his more prevalent opinion - rule that a mahram escort is not a condition for a woman to make her obligatory pilgrimage. The only condition is that she will be safe on the journey. Al-Shâfî'î says: "Safety can be achieved by her being chaperoned by her husband or her mahram, or by the company of other trustworthy women."

Some scholars have said that if it is safe enough, she needs no one to accompany her. She can travel alone along with the caravans and be safe. This is indicated by the hadîth of `Adî that we mentioned earlier.

Permissibility is even more certain when a woman cannot find a mahram and her best interests are to be secured by her traveling. Permissibility is indisputable in cases where travel becomes a necessity for her, on account of the principle in Islamic Law that necessity makes unlawful things permissible. This is why the scholars have permitted a woman to travel unescorted to emigrate from a non-Muslim country to a Muslim one. In some situations, they even declare such a journey to be obligatory upon her.

And Allah knows best. And may the peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad

http://www.zaharuddin.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=476&Itemid=72.

sekian,wassalam

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